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Indian flapshell turtle
The Indian flapshell turtle (''Lissemys punctata'') is a freshwater species of turtle found in South Asia. The “flap-shelled” name stems from the presence of femoral flaps located on the plastron. These flaps of skin cover the limbs when they retract into the shell. It is unclear what protection the flaps offer against predators.〔Franklin, Carl. 2007. Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History 245 Million Years in the Making. Voyageur Press. 134-136.〕 They are widespread and common in the South Asian provinces.
==Description==
The carapace of ''L. punctata'' viewed from above is broadly oval in adults, but more circular in young, widest just anterior to hind limbs. The width of the disc is 77-86% of its length, the carapace is moderately arched, shell height is 35.0-40.5% of carapace length, the margin of the carapace is smooth and slightly flared posteriorly, the marginal bones are not united with the pleurals, the plastron is large but mostly cartilaginous, and its length is 88-97% of the carapace length. A pair of large flaps can be closed over the hind limbs and a smaller flap over tail; seven plastral callosities are present, and the head is large, its width is 21-25% of the carapace width. The proboscis is short and stout; the nasal septum has no lateral ridge, the edges of the jaws are smooth, the alveolar surfaces are expanded
and granular. The claws are large and heavy; the penis is thick and oval, with deep dorsal cleft and four pointed, soft papillae; the tail is very short in both sexes.〔Minton, S. A. Jr 1966 A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 134(2)〕
The carapace length of ''L. punctata'' has been known to range from 240 to 370 mm in length.〔Environmental Information System (ENVIS) center of India. Zoological survey of India. Lissemis punctata. http://zsienvis.nic.in/endb/end_reptilia/reptilia_data/lissemys_punctata.htm〕〔Ernst, C., Altenburg, R. and Barbour R. 1997. Turtles of the World. Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility. http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/turtles.php?menuentry=soorten&id=222〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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